The ideal pH range for most agricultural crops to grow is between 6.0 and 7.5, which is considered slightly acidic to neutral. Within this range, essential nutrients in the soil—such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and micronutrients—are most readily available to plants, and microbial activity that supports soil fertility is at its peak. Soils with a pH below 6.0 can lead to nutrient deficiencies and toxicities, particularly of aluminum and manganese, while soils above 7.5 may cause deficiencies of micronutrients like iron and zinc. Maintaining an optimal pH balance through practices like liming acidic soils or using acid-forming fertilizers in alkaline conditions is crucial for healthy crop growth and improved yield.

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