Climate change significantly impacts Indian agriculture, which is highly dependent on monsoon patterns, temperature variations, and water availability. Rising temperatures lead to increased heat stress on crops, reducing yields of staples like wheat, rice, and maize. Erratic rainfall and shifting monsoon patterns cause droughts and floods, affecting sowing and harvesting cycles. Water scarcity due to depleting groundwater and irregular precipitation worsens the situation, especially in rain-fed agricultural regions. Additionally, climate change increases pest infestations and crop diseases, further threatening food security. Soil degradation and declining fertility due to extreme weather events also impact productivity. Farmers, particularly smallholders, face financial distress as unpredictable weather affects income and crop insurance claims. The government has introduced climate-resilient farming practices, drought-resistant crop varieties, and initiatives like the National Adaptation Fund for Climate Change (NAFCC) to mitigate these effects. However, sustained efforts in sustainable agriculture, efficient water management, and technological innovations are crucial to safeguarding Indian agriculture against climate change.

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