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What is the best daily routine for a competitive exam aspirant?
The best daily routine for a competitive exam aspirant is one that strikes a balance between consistent study, revision, practice, rest, and self-care. A productive day typically begins early in the morning, around 5:30–6:00 AM, with some light exercise or meditation to energize the mind and body. SRead more
The best daily routine for a competitive exam aspirant is one that strikes a balance between consistent study, revision, practice, rest, and self-care. A productive day typically begins early in the morning, around 5:30–6:00 AM, with some light exercise or meditation to energize the mind and body. Study sessions should be planned in 2–3 hour blocks with short breaks in between to maintain focus and avoid burnout. Morning hours (6:30–9:30 AM) are ideal for reading comprehension, solving mock tests, or tackling difficult subjects when the mind is fresh. After a nutritious breakfast, the mid-morning session (10:30 AM–1:00 PM) can be dedicated to theory-based subjects like Economics, Polity, or General Studies. Post-lunch (2:00–4:00 PM) is best suited for revision, current affairs, or solving previous year papers. An evening break followed by a lighter study session (6:00–8:00 PM) focused on quizzes or practice questions ensures retention. Nighttime (after 8:30 PM) should be kept for relaxing, light reading, or watching educational videos. Sufficient sleep of 7–8 hours is essential for mental clarity. Staying consistent, managing distractions, and reviewing goals weekly are key to maintaining this routine effectively.
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See lessWhy is India facing a surge in microfinance NPAs, and how does it impact financial inclusion for low-income borrowers?
India is facing a surge in microfinance Non-Performing Assets (NPAs) due to a combination of factors, including economic distress caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, natural calamities, over-indebtedness of borrowers, and political interference such as loan waiver announcements. Many low-income borroweRead more
India is facing a surge in microfinance Non-Performing Assets (NPAs) due to a combination of factors, including economic distress caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, natural calamities, over-indebtedness of borrowers, and political interference such as loan waiver announcements. Many low-income borrowers, who form the core clientele of microfinance institutions (MFIs), experienced income loss and job insecurity, leading to their inability to repay loans on time. In some regions, the practice of multiple lending without proper credit checks has also worsened repayment stress. This rise in NPAs severely impacts financial inclusion as it undermines the sustainability of MFIs, reduces their willingness to lend to high-risk segments, and prompts tighter regulations. As a result, genuine borrowers in underserved areas face reduced access to credit, limiting their ability to invest in income-generating activities and improve their livelihoods, thereby threatening the broader goal of inclusive economic growth.
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See lessIs India’s banking sector ready for the adoption of AI-based fraud detection systems?
India’s banking sector is gradually becoming more prepared for the adoption of AI-based fraud detection systems, but several challenges and opportunities remain. With the rapid digitization of financial services, the volume and complexity of banking transactions have increased significantly, makingRead more
India’s banking sector is gradually becoming more prepared for the adoption of AI-based fraud detection systems, but several challenges and opportunities remain. With the rapid digitization of financial services, the volume and complexity of banking transactions have increased significantly, making traditional rule-based fraud detection methods inadequate. Leading public and private sector banks have already begun deploying machine learning algorithms, real-time analytics, and predictive modeling to detect unusual transaction patterns, identity theft, and phishing attempts. The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has also encouraged the use of emerging technologies to enhance cyber resilience and financial security. However, widespread adoption faces hurdles like data silos, legacy IT infrastructure, shortage of skilled AI professionals, and concerns over data privacy and governance. Moreover, smaller banks and cooperative institutions often lack the resources to implement such advanced systems. To fully harness AI’s potential, India’s banking ecosystem must invest in cloud computing, big data infrastructure, and interoperable platforms, while ensuring compliance with regulatory standards. Overall, while the sector is on the right path, achieving robust, AI-driven fraud detection across all banking institutions requires systemic upgrades, regulatory support, and strategic collaboration between fintechs, banks, and government bodies.
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See lessHow does climate forecasting like La Niña and Indian Ocean Dipole help in agricultural planning in India?
Climate forecasting phenomena such as La Niña and the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) play a crucial role in agricultural planning in India by providing early insights into potential weather patterns that significantly influence the Indian monsoon. La Niña, characterized by cooler-than-average sea surfaceRead more
Climate forecasting phenomena such as La Niña and the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) play a crucial role in agricultural planning in India by providing early insights into potential weather patterns that significantly influence the Indian monsoon. La Niña, characterized by cooler-than-average sea surface temperatures in the central and eastern Pacific Ocean, generally strengthens the southwest monsoon, leading to above-normal rainfall in India. This can benefit rain-fed agriculture, increase water availability for irrigation, and improve crop yields, especially for staples like rice, pulses, and sugarcane. On the other hand, the Indian Ocean Dipole—a phenomenon marked by differences in sea surface temperatures between the western and eastern Indian Ocean—also affects monsoon intensity. A positive IOD typically enhances monsoon rains, while a negative IOD can suppress them. By monitoring these patterns in advance, policymakers and farmers can make informed decisions about crop selection, sowing dates, irrigation planning, and risk mitigation. For example, in anticipation of a weak monsoon due to a negative IOD or El Niño, drought-resistant crops may be preferred, and contingency plans like water conservation measures can be activated. Thus, climate forecasts enable proactive agricultural planning, minimizing losses and enhancing food security.
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See lessWhich of the following is a characteristic of the money market?
One key characteristic of the money market is that it deals with short-term borrowing and lending of funds, typically with maturities of one year or less. It is a sector of the financial market where highly liquid, low-risk instruments are traded, such as Treasury bills, certificates of deposit, comRead more
One key characteristic of the money market is that it deals with short-term borrowing and lending of funds, typically with maturities of one year or less. It is a sector of the financial market where highly liquid, low-risk instruments are traded, such as Treasury bills, certificates of deposit, commercial paper, and repurchase agreements. The money market serves as a means for governments, financial institutions, and corporations to manage their short-term funding needs, while also offering investors a safe and relatively stable place to park their money for a short period. The low-risk nature of the instruments traded in the money market ensures a high degree of liquidity, which allows participants to quickly convert their investments into cash. This characteristic makes the money market an essential component of the broader financial system, facilitating efficient cash flow and short-term financial management.
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See lessWhat is the difference between Book Value and Market Value?
Book value and market value are two fundamental concepts used to evaluate the worth of a company, but they differ significantly in meaning and application. Book value refers to the net value of a company's assets as recorded on its balance sheet, essentially calculated as total assets minus total liRead more
Book value and market value are two fundamental concepts used to evaluate the worth of a company, but they differ significantly in meaning and application. Book value refers to the net value of a company’s assets as recorded on its balance sheet, essentially calculated as total assets minus total liabilities. It represents the accounting value of the company and is often considered the company’s intrinsic worth based on historical cost. In contrast, market value is the current price at which a company’s shares are trading on the stock market, multiplied by its total outstanding shares — commonly referred to as market capitalization. While book value is static and based on past data, market value is dynamic and reflects investor sentiment, future growth prospects, and market conditions. Discrepancies between the two can signal whether a stock is undervalued or overvalued, aiding investors in making informed decisions.
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See lessWhat is the primary objective of the Goods and Services Tax (GST)?
The primary objective of the Goods and Services Tax (GST) is to create a unified and simplified indirect tax structure across India by replacing multiple state and central taxes with a single comprehensive tax. This aims to eliminate the cascading effect of taxes (tax on tax), thereby reducing the oRead more
The primary objective of the Goods and Services Tax (GST) is to create a unified and simplified indirect tax structure across India by replacing multiple state and central taxes with a single comprehensive tax. This aims to eliminate the cascading effect of taxes (tax on tax), thereby reducing the overall tax burden on consumers and businesses. GST promotes the concept of “One Nation, One Tax, One Market,” facilitating seamless movement of goods and services across state borders and fostering a common national market. It enhances tax compliance, broadens the tax base, and increases transparency in the taxation system through its technology-driven administration. Ultimately, GST seeks to boost the country’s economic efficiency, improve ease of doing business, and contribute to higher revenue generation for both the Centre and the States.
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See lessWhich of the following factors affect the Indian monsoon?
Several factors influence the Indian monsoon, which is a complex climatic phenomenon vital for agriculture and the economy. One of the most significant factors is the differential heating and cooling of land and water bodies, where the Indian subcontinent heats up faster than the surrounding oceans,Read more
Several factors influence the Indian monsoon, which is a complex climatic phenomenon vital for agriculture and the economy. One of the most significant factors is the differential heating and cooling of land and water bodies, where the Indian subcontinent heats up faster than the surrounding oceans, creating a low-pressure area that draws moist winds from the oceans. The presence of the Himalayas also plays a crucial role by acting as a barrier, preventing the cold Central Asian winds from reaching India and forcing the monsoon winds to rise and precipitate. Additionally, the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), which shifts northward during summer, aligns over India and enhances monsoon activity. The El Niño and La Niña phenomena in the Pacific Ocean significantly affect the strength and timing of the monsoon; El Niño tends to weaken it, while La Niña usually strengthens it. Moreover, tropical easterly jet streams, western disturbances, and Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) also influence monsoon patterns. The complex interplay of these global and regional climatic factors determines the onset, intensity, and duration of the Indian monsoon. Stay updated with C4S Courses.
See lessHow does climate change affect Indian agriculture?
Climate change significantly impacts Indian agriculture, which is highly dependent on monsoon patterns, temperature variations, and water availability. Rising temperatures lead to increased heat stress on crops, reducing yields of staples like wheat, rice, and maize. Erratic rainfall and shifting moRead more
Climate change significantly impacts Indian agriculture, which is highly dependent on monsoon patterns, temperature variations, and water availability. Rising temperatures lead to increased heat stress on crops, reducing yields of staples like wheat, rice, and maize. Erratic rainfall and shifting monsoon patterns cause droughts and floods, affecting sowing and harvesting cycles. Water scarcity due to depleting groundwater and irregular precipitation worsens the situation, especially in rain-fed agricultural regions. Additionally, climate change increases pest infestations and crop diseases, further threatening food security. Soil degradation and declining fertility due to extreme weather events also impact productivity. Farmers, particularly smallholders, face financial distress as unpredictable weather affects income and crop insurance claims. The government has introduced climate-resilient farming practices, drought-resistant crop varieties, and initiatives like the National Adaptation Fund for Climate Change (NAFCC) to mitigate these effects. However, sustained efforts in sustainable agriculture, efficient water management, and technological innovations are crucial to safeguarding Indian agriculture against climate change.
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See lessWhich current affairs topics are crucial for UPSC, Banking, and SSC exams?
Staying updated with current affairs is essential for aspirants of UPSC, Banking, and SSC exams, as these topics form a significant portion of the general awareness sections. Government Policies and Initiatives: Recent schemes and policy changes, such as the Union Budget 2025-26, which introduced siRead more
Staying updated with current affairs is essential for aspirants of UPSC, Banking, and SSC exams, as these topics form a significant portion of the general awareness sections.
Regularly following these topics through reputable sources will enhance your preparation and performance in these competitive exams.
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