Agriculture Exam
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What are the major challenges and techniques in dryland farming relevant for ICAR exams?
Dryland farming, which refers to agricultural practices in regions with annual rainfall less than 750 mm, is vital for food and livelihood security in arid and semi-arid zones of India. However, it faces several major challenges. The primary issue is erratic and scanty rainfall, which leads to frequRead more
Dryland farming, which refers to agricultural practices in regions with annual rainfall less than 750 mm, is vital for food and livelihood security in arid and semi-arid zones of India. However, it faces several major challenges. The primary issue is erratic and scanty rainfall, which leads to frequent droughts and crop failures. Soil erosion, moisture stress, and low organic matter content further reduce productivity. Additionally, the lack of irrigation infrastructure, credit access, and technological adoption hampers efficient farming. The region often lacks resilient crop varieties and timely weather forecasts, making decision-making difficult for farmers.
To overcome these constraints, several techniques are employed in dryland farming. In-situ moisture conservation methods like contour plowing, ridge and furrow systems, and mulching help retain soil moisture. Rainwater harvesting through farm ponds and percolation tanks is promoted for supplemental irrigation. Cultivation of drought-resistant and short-duration crops such as millets, pulses, and oilseeds is widely practiced. Techniques like intercropping, agroforestry, and conservation tillage improve land productivity and resilience. Furthermore, integrated nutrient management (INM) and soil health cards are used to optimize input use. For ICAR exams, understanding the agro-ecological classification, contingency crop planning, and watershed management approaches is crucial, as these form the basis of sustainable dryland agriculture.
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See lessWhich state is promoting natural farming with the support of the National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD)?
The state of Chhattisgarh is actively promoting natural farming through its flagship initiative, the Godhan Nyay Yojana, launched in July 2020. This scheme encourages organic agriculture by purchasing cow dung from farmers and livestock owners at ₹2 per kilogram, which is then processed into vermicoRead more
The state of Chhattisgarh is actively promoting natural farming through its flagship initiative, the Godhan Nyay Yojana, launched in July 2020. This scheme encourages organic agriculture by purchasing cow dung from farmers and livestock owners at ₹2 per kilogram, which is then processed into vermicompost and other organic products by women self-help groups. These products are sold to farmers as organic manure, thereby reducing reliance on chemical fertilizers. Additionally, the program has expanded to include the procurement of cow urine at ₹4 per litre, used to produce natural liquid fertilizers and pest control solutions. This initiative not only supports sustainable farming practices but also generates employment opportunities in rural areas. The success of the Godhan Nyay Yojana has inspired other states like Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, and Uttar Pradesh to adopt similar models to enhance rural economies and promote organic farming.
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See lessWhat initiative is being taken to promote millets under the Centre’s ‘Nutri-Cereals’ campaign?
Under the Centre’s ‘Nutri-Cereals’ campaign, the Indian government has undertaken a comprehensive initiative to promote millets, recognizing their nutritional benefits and environmental resilience. In 2018, millets were rebranded as 'nutri-cereals' to highlight their health advantages and were integRead more
Under the Centre’s ‘Nutri-Cereals’ campaign, the Indian government has undertaken a comprehensive initiative to promote millets, recognizing their nutritional benefits and environmental resilience. In 2018, millets were rebranded as ‘nutri-cereals’ to highlight their health advantages and were integrated into the Poshan Abhiyaan to combat malnutrition. To bolster production, the government launched the National Food Security Mission (NFSM) focusing on millets, providing farmers with quality seeds, inputs, and training. Additionally, millets have been included in the Public Distribution System (PDS) to enhance accessibility and ensure a stable market for producers. The declaration of 2023 as the International Year of Millets by the United Nations, following India’s proposal, further amplified global awareness. This led to coordinated efforts across various ministries and states to promote millets through awareness campaigns, value-added product development, and support for startups. These multifaceted strategies aim to increase millet consumption, support farmers, and address nutritional security.
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See lessHow does climate change affect Indian agriculture?
Climate change significantly impacts Indian agriculture, which is highly dependent on monsoon patterns, temperature variations, and water availability. Rising temperatures lead to increased heat stress on crops, reducing yields of staples like wheat, rice, and maize. Erratic rainfall and shifting moRead more
Climate change significantly impacts Indian agriculture, which is highly dependent on monsoon patterns, temperature variations, and water availability. Rising temperatures lead to increased heat stress on crops, reducing yields of staples like wheat, rice, and maize. Erratic rainfall and shifting monsoon patterns cause droughts and floods, affecting sowing and harvesting cycles. Water scarcity due to depleting groundwater and irregular precipitation worsens the situation, especially in rain-fed agricultural regions. Additionally, climate change increases pest infestations and crop diseases, further threatening food security. Soil degradation and declining fertility due to extreme weather events also impact productivity. Farmers, particularly smallholders, face financial distress as unpredictable weather affects income and crop insurance claims. The government has introduced climate-resilient farming practices, drought-resistant crop varieties, and initiatives like the National Adaptation Fund for Climate Change (NAFCC) to mitigate these effects. However, sustained efforts in sustainable agriculture, efficient water management, and technological innovations are crucial to safeguarding Indian agriculture against climate change.
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See lessHow do I effectively cover the Agriculture Finance, Seed Science and Agriculture Economics syllabus for IBPS AFO?
To effectively cover the Agriculture Finance, Seed Science, and Agriculture Economics syllabus for IBPS AFO (Agriculture Field Officer), you need a structured approach with the right study materials and regular revision. Start with Agriculture Finance, focusing on topics like priority sector lendingRead more
To effectively cover the Agriculture Finance, Seed Science, and Agriculture Economics syllabus for IBPS AFO (Agriculture Field Officer), you need a structured approach with the right study materials and regular revision. Start with Agriculture Finance, focusing on topics like priority sector lending, NABARD, Kisan Credit Card (KCC), crop insurance schemes (PMFBY, NAIS), and rural banking institutions. Study government initiatives, financial inclusion policies, and the role of commercial banks in agriculture lending. For Seed Science, cover seed production, seed certification, seed processing, types of seeds (hybrid, GM, foundation, breeder), and storage techniques. Refer to ICAR and NSC guidelines, and understand seed policies in India. In Agriculture Economics, focus on topics like farm management, agricultural marketing, price policy, MSP (Minimum Support Price), WTO agreements on agriculture, and supply chain management. Use standard books like R.K. Sharma, S.R. Kantwa. Make short notes for revision, practice previous years’ question papers, and attempt mock tests regularly to improve speed and accuracy. Stay updated with current affairs related to agriculture, government schemes, and budget allocations for the sector, as these are crucial for the exam.
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See lessWhich subject should I choose for the agriculture JRF exam, and which has a more future scope?
Choosing the right subject for the Agriculture JRF exam depends on your interest, background, and career goals. Popular subjects include Agronomy, Soil Science, Plant Breeding & Genetics, Entomology, Plant Pathology, Agricultural Economics, Horticulture, and Agricultural Biotechnology. Among theRead more
Choosing the right subject for the Agriculture JRF exam depends on your interest, background, and career goals. Popular subjects include Agronomy, Soil Science, Plant Breeding & Genetics, Entomology, Plant Pathology, Agricultural Economics, Horticulture, and Agricultural Biotechnology. Among these, Plant Breeding & Genetics, Agronomy, and Soil Science have vast career opportunities in both research and industry, making them highly preferred choices. Plant Breeding & Genetics is in high demand due to the growing need for high-yielding and climate-resilient crops, while Agronomy plays a crucial role in sustainable farming and precision agriculture. Soil Science is essential for soil fertility management and environmental sustainability, with applications in research institutions, government agencies, and agrochemical industries. Emerging fields like Agricultural Biotechnology also offer strong prospects, especially in genetic engineering and molecular research. Ultimately, selecting a subject aligned with your passion and long-term career vision will ensure success and job satisfaction in the agricultural sector.
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See lessWhat’s the syllabus for the JRF agriculture exam?
The JRF (Junior Research Fellowship) Agriculture exam syllabus varies depending on the conducting body (ICAR, CSIR, or specific universities), but generally includes the following core topics: 1. General Agriculture Agronomy (crop production, weed management, cropping systems) Soil Science (soil cheRead more
The JRF (Junior Research Fellowship) Agriculture exam syllabus varies depending on the conducting body (ICAR, CSIR, or specific universities), but generally includes the following core topics:
1. General Agriculture
2. Specialized Subjects (Based on Discipline)
3. General Knowledge & Current Affairs
4. Logical Reasoning & Aptitude (For Some Exams)
The exact syllabus may vary based on the subject specialization and the conducting authority.
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